![]() “The IMF and the World Bank have integrated a large number of countries into the world economy by requiring governments to open up to global trade, investment, and capital. The paper concludes with a proposal for a “democratic security-development policy” built from the bottom-up, in which security and development are both seen as “political” and “economic” ideals in organic synergy. ![]() Hence, the securitization of social life in the region is not resulting in the reproduction of a security-development agenda patterned after the US, but in the reproduction of social antagonisms that spring from the very contradictions of the securitization project itself. Each of these phenomena is inherently unstable and conflict-ridden. In particular, the Americanization of security-development has paved the way either to the strengthening or resurgence of the hegemony, both in policy and discourse, of: “global war on terrorism” over historically sensitive conflict resolution mechanisms “authoritarian liberalism” over democratization and neo-liberalism over developmental statism. ![]() This paper argues that 9/11 has accelerated the Americanization of the security-development architecture in Southeast Asia, as shown in the increasing institutionalization of principles and practices that are easily ascribed to US hegemony. ![]()
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